---
title: Market Structures
description: Market structures define how industries are organized based on competition and pricing power. Learners will analyze different market types, including perfect competition, monopolies, and oligopolies, to understand how firms set prices and output levels.
category: finance-economics
subcategory: economics-(social-lens)
difficulty: beginner, intermediate, advanced
url: /subject/market-structures
---

# Market Structures

Market structures define how industries are organized based on competition and pricing power. Learners will analyze different market types, including perfect competition, monopolies, and oligopolies, to understand how firms set prices and output levels.

## Available Resources

2 Books • 1 Courses • 1 Websites • 1 Papers

## Papers

### 1. The Rise of Market Power and the Macroeconomic Implications

**Author:** Jan De Loecker, Jan Eeckhout and Gabriel Unger

Empirical study estimating firm-level markups from US accounting data, documenting a rise from roughly 18 percent above marginal cost in 1980 to 67 percent, and linking concentrated market power to falling labour share and business dynamism.

**Difficulty:** Advanced | **Language:** English | **Price:** Free

**Link:** https://www.janeeckhout.com/wp-content/uploads/RMP.pdf

**Tags:** market-power, markups, industrial-organization, macroeconomics, labor-share

## Courses

### 1. Industrial Organization I (MIT 14.271)

**Author:** Glenn Ellison

PhD-level treatment of imperfect competition that integrates theory with empirical work on demand estimation, market power, entry and mergers. Includes 26 lecture videos, lecture slides, readings, exams, and problem sets with solutions, preparing learners to read and conduct research in the field.

**Difficulty:** Advanced | **Language:** English | **Price:** Free

**Link:** https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-271-industrial-organization-i-fall-2022/

**Tags:** industrial-organization, imperfect-competition, demand-estimation, market-power, merger-analysis

## Books

### 1. The Theory of Industrial Organization

**Author:** Jean Tirole

Graduate reference treating monopoly pricing, price discrimination, quality choice and vertical restraints, then strategic interaction between firms: Cournot and Bertrand competition, capacity constraints, repeated games, product positioning and entry under asymmetric information. Assumes calculus and game theory.

**Difficulty:** Advanced | **Language:** English | **Price:** Paid

**Link:** https://www.amazon.com/dp/0262200716?tag=edmonddante07-20

**Tags:** industrial-organization, oligopoly, game-theory, monopoly, price-discrimination

### 2. Introduction to Industrial Organization (2nd edition)

**Author:** Luís M. B. Cabral

Undergraduate industrial organization text covering monopoly pricing, Cournot and Bertrand oligopoly, collusion, entry deterrence, product differentiation and network effects. Verbal exposition carries the argument, with optional formal sections and exercises for readers who want the algebra.

**Difficulty:** Intermediate | **Language:** English | **Price:** Paid

**Link:** https://www.amazon.com/dp/0262035944?tag=edmonddante07-20

**Tags:** industrial-organization, oligopoly, monopoly, competition-policy, network-effects

## Websites

### 1. The Economy 2.0: Microeconomics (CORE Econ)

**Author:** The CORE Econ Team

Open-access textbook whose microeconomics units begin with price-setting firms facing downward-sloping demand, then derive competitive price-taking as a special case. Units 7 and 8 cover markups, demand elasticity, economies of scale, deadweight loss and competition policy.

**Difficulty:** Beginner | **Language:** English | **Price:** Free

**Link:** https://books.core-econ.org/the-economy/index.html

**Tags:** microeconomics, market-power, competition-policy, open-textbook, elasticity

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